Balanced Bipolarity, Balanced Multipolarity Unbalanced...

Balanced Bipolarity, Balanced Multipolarity amp; Unbalanced Multipolarity Introduction I agree with the quote that â€Å"Wars between states can be explained by the distribution of power and capabilities in the international system.† Power distribution among all the great powers plays an important role for the stability and economy of the state. I believe that war determines who will govern the international system, and whose interests will be primarily served by the new international order. Mearsheimer’s short article â€Å"The cause of great power war† explains the occurrence of major power wars. According to Mearsheimer, power gives rise to three kinds of systems which are known as Bipolarity, Unbalanced Multipolarity, and†¦show more content†¦There were also minor powers involved but all in all the power distribution during the war was one of a balanced multipolarity. Balanced multipolarity is more dangerous than that of a bipolar distribution but also lethal than unbalanced multipolarity. Balanced multipolarity is somewhat b etter than unbalanced multipolarity because in a balanced situation, the defeat of any great power will give the other power advantage to take over control. While in an unbalanced multipolarity, the scenario could go different ways due to different power-dyads. Unbalanced Multipolarity (Second World War) Mearsheimer states that war is more likely in multipolarity that bipolarity for 3 reasons. Potential conflict dyads in a system, the imbalance of power which eventually favours the great powers which makes deterrence more difficult and war more likely and the potential for miscalculation is also high in this system. Mearsheimer defined unbalanced multipolarity as a situation that involved three or more super powers in which the power between them is unbalanced. This is the worst case scenario as it usually leads to war. A good example for unbalanced multipolarity could be the Second World War. Following Mearshiemer’s explanation war broke out in this case because of potential conflict dyads and mainly imbalance of power betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Realist Way Of Looking At The International System Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe world can be classified as being unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar. A multipolar world can further be c lassified as either balanced or unbalanced. A great power war is most likely in periods of unbalanced multipolarity â€Å"because potential hegemons are likely to get into wars with all the other great powers in the system† (Mearsheimer 2001). An example of an unbalanced multipolar world would be at the brink of World War I, in which Austria-Hungary, the Great Britain, France, Germany and RussiaRead MoreWar in the Nuclear Era2489 Words   |  10 Pagessystem’s payoff structure requiring certain strategic behaviour. Firstly, the concept of mutual assured destruction has increased the costs of war and shifted the rational utility-maximizing states’ policy from winning to avoiding wars. Second, today’s ‘balanced multi polarity’, stabilized by nuclear technology, makes international relations more secure and thus less prone to wars between states now than in the past. Thirdly, the defensive nature of nuclear second strike capability prevents sta tes from engaging

Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(100) " the economic final payment of solar including rates, systems public presentation, and inducements\." States all over the universe are interested in utilizing different types of renewable energy systems in order to run into the turning demand of energy. Indiana State has a broad assortment of renewable energy resources.A Enormous attempts have been spent in the State of Indiana to better the people awareness toward the usage of such resources as air current, solar and biomass. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Solar energy has great possible to profit Indiana occupant. The Sun visible radiation can be converted into electricity by utilizing solar energy systems such as Photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems ( PV systems ) are renewable energy systems that use the Sun as a beginning for bring forthing electric energy. Implementing PV systems can assist Indiana occupant to bring forth their ain electricity without noise or air pollution. These systems can besides diversify energy supply, cut down the sum of imported fuels, better the quality of the air, countervail nursery gas emanations, and make occupations in the fabrication and installing of solar energy systems. These alone advantages and features made solar systems the ultimate energy beginning for the twenty-first century. The Indiana Office of Energy Development has offered a figure of inducements that help cut down the costs of put ining and implementing PV systems, and do these systems more low-cost for Indiana occupant. A PV system is a significant investing, and as with any investing, adept aid and careful planning will assist people make the correct determinations. However, the determination of purchasing PV systems depends on several different factors. Peoples want to salvage the finite dodo fuel resources and extinguish the air pollution. Others would instead pass their money on an energy-producing betterment to their belongings than to direct their money to a public-service corporation. Some people like to cut down the sum of electricity that they buy from public-service corporation company, because they will non be affected by any hereafter additions for the electricity monetary value. Finally, some people merely do non like paying public-service corporation measures and appreciate the independency that is provided by a PV system. Statement of the Problem In order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the counties of Indiana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Besides, information about monetary values and the size of a typical system should be collected from the professionals and representatives who work in the PV industry. Statement of the Hypotheses and Research Questions The void hypothesis of the survey is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at Indiana State is non effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be more than the expected return of the system. The alternate hypothesis is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at Indiana State is an effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be less than the expected return of the system. There are four grounds for the alternate hypothesis: First, the authorities attempts toward developing and put ining renewable energy made the procedure of put ining PV system an easy pattern and there are many professionals who are able to put in this engineering in about all the metropoliss around the U.S. Second, the fiscal inducements that are created by the US authorities helped Indiana occupant financially to put in the PV systems. The 3rd point is that the cost of th e natural stuff is traveling down because of the advanced engineerings that being used in the renewable energy. The last point is that the high degree of Indiana ‘s occupant ‘s consciousness toward the advantages of the sustainable applications and systems such as the PV system will assist them utilize these systems in proper manner. The consequences of the survey will reply the undermentioned inquiries: What is the perfect size of PV system that is suited for a typical single-family place in Indiana? How much does the standard size of PV system cost? How much electricity will the PV system green goods? How much will the PV system cut down the electricity measure? How long it will take to alter the hard currency flow from negative to positive or how long the householder can wait before the standard size of PV system produce positive hard currency flow? What is the payback period for the standard size of PV system? What is the internal rate of return for the standard size PV system? Statement of the Purpose and Need The chief end of the survey is to make consciousness about the economic feasibleness of constructing a residential PV system at the State of Indiana, while sing its public presentation over the life of the system. The consequences of the survey will assist the determination shapers at the State of Indiana and the occupant of Indian buttocks the locations of their metropoliss for possible installing for a solar PV system, gauge the cost of a standard size of PV system, calculate the expected economy, know the payback period, and mensurate the impact of the geographical location of the PV system public presentation. Besides, this survey will be a usher that improves the consciousness for Indiana occupants sing utilizing the solar energy systems. Furthermore, it will assist the determination shapers at Indian State to place the existent demands for developing more effectual schemes and fiscal inducements that help Indiana occupants implement solar systems in their places. The aims of the survey are: To understand the energy ingestion and cost benefits of utilizing a typical PV system. To gauge the profile of the end product power of a typical PV system. To measure the fiscal feasibleness of a typical PV system of the counties those are located in the State of Indiana. To find the factors that should be considered to find the economic final payment of solar including rates, systems public presentation, and inducements. You read "Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" To find countries with high solar potency utilizing the NEREL US section of energy application. To utilize the U.S. section of energy recommendations and methodological analysiss as a usher to develop a theoretical account for constructing a typical PV system. To find the suited size for residential photovoltaic systems for counties of Indiana State. To gauge the environmental benefits of utilizing photovoltaic rural electrification. To find a suited country for constructing a commercial PV system in Indiana. Statement of the Premises There are two of import premises for the survey: First, the edifice incorporate photovoltaic is connected in analogue to the public-service corporation grid, so there is no cost for batteries or electrical storage. The 2nd premise is that the computations are based on NEREL US section of energy application and for a typical single-family place in Indiana. Statement of the Methodology The methodological analysis of this research will dwell of the undermentioned six stairss: foremost, choosing the counties that will be the sample size. The sample size will be selected harmonizing to the undermentioned process: The counties of Indiana will be organized harmonizing to the locations of the county, there are five regional could be used for forming the counties: North, E, West, cardinal, south cardinal, and south. Then, the alphabetical sorting will be used to form the counties in lists and each list represents a geographical country. Then choosing three counties from each list: one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list. The 2nd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each county by utilizing the nothing codification finders. After that, the geographical location for each nothing codification will be identified by utilizing the Google Earth application, which will assist in happening two of import variables: solar AZ solar height. The 4th measure is reaching professionals who work in the PV industry and place of import information about a typical PV system such as the size, monetary value, care, and equipment. Fifth, the location and the size parametric quantities will be used as inputs for the PV Watt application. This application will give the expected public presentation and electricity that could be produced from the typical size of a PV system. Finally, the informations that gained from the PV Watt applications and other will be inserted into the excel application to make the analysis. Charts will be created to sum up the consequences of the survey. Definitions of the Key Footings Management: Management is the act of forming people to accomplish certain ends. Henri Fayol, who developed a theory of Management Science, believes that the most of import activities of direction are calculating, planning, forming, commanding, organizing and commanding ( Fayol, 1917 ) . Technology: The International Network for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises or INSME defined engineering as â€Å" a human invention in action that involves the coevals of cognition and processes to develop systems that solve jobs and widen human capablenesss † ( 2003 ) . In other words, engineering is any procedure that can better the human cognition and be used to work out jobs by doing life easier. Technology Management: it is the scientific discipline that focuses on puting technological tools in pull offing aids to actuate inventions. Renewable energy: Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat. PV cell: It is a solar cell that absorbs the Sun visible radiation. It is the most of import portion in a PV system. Each cell consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff ; one bed has a negative charge and the other positive. PV panel: It is a solar panel consists of sets of PV cells that are connected together. It is besides known as PV solar faculty. PV array: PV array is portion of PV solar system. It is a solar array that consists of sets of PV panels or faculties that are connected together in series or in parallel. PV system: A solar system designed to absorb the Sun visible radiation and change over it to electricity. It consists of sets of PV arrays or faculties, which connected to other equipment such as electric inverter or raking systems. The PV system maps as a individual electricity bring forthing unit. Solar Azimuth: The section of energy defined the solar AZ as â€Å" the angle between the Sun ‘s evident place in the sky and true South, as measured on a horizontal plane † . Solar Altitude: The section of energy defined the solar height as â€Å" the angle between to the skyline and the centre of the solar phonograph record. † The American Meteorological Society defined this construct as † The angle of the Sun 90 grades or less above the skyline. † Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) : It is the rate that is used in capital budgeting to mensurate the viability and profitableness of a undertaking. It will assist determination shapers make the right determination toward specific concern undertaking. Payback period: it is the period that is required to return back the money that is invested as portion capital to get down a concern undertaking. It assists directors and determination shapers to do the right determinations toward puting their money in a concern undertaking. Cash flow: it is an of import construct in the technology economic sciences scientific discipline, it is the procedure of placing the money motion in or out of a concern undertaking. Indiana State: it is a U.S province located in the Midwest part. The population of the province is 6,516,922. Harmonizing to Rural Policy Research Institute, there are 77.7 % of Indiana occupants populating in metropolitan counties, 16.5 % life in micropolitan counties and 5.9 % life in non-core counties. Chapter Two: A REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Overview This chapter aims to reexamine and clear up some of import constructs sing the renewable energy and the solar PV systems. This chapter besides provides a theoretical footing for the research and helps the reader to find the nature of the research. In add-on, this chapter will supply in deepness reappraisal for old research surveies that are related to fiscal ratings for PV systems at different locations in the universe. Renewable Energy: Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat. The resources for the renewable energy are continually and sustainably replenished and those resources are available all over the universe but there is a demand for engineerings to utilize these resources efficaciously. The function for any engineering in this filed is to capture the renewable energy and change over it from specific signifier of power to another. For illustration, the Sun can be used to bring forth solar energy, which will be used for warming, chilling, and illuming. Wind energy is captured by air current turbines and turned into electricity. Harmonizing to the Natural Resources Defense Council ( NRDC ) , there are five chief resources for renewable energy: Wind energy: the power that is generated from the air current. Solar energy: the power that is generated from the Sun. Biomass energy: the power that is generated from Plant stuffs, such as wood, maize, and soy. Biogas energy: the power that is generated from the carnal waste. Geothermal energy: the power that is generated from the reservoirs of steam and hot H2O beneath the Earth ‘s surface. The undermentioned map is the renewable energy map, which shows the bing installations for the renewable energy in the United States. Using renewable energy is of import because it has many benefits and advantages. These benefits can be summarized by four of import points: Environment Friendly: the renewable power is a clean beginning of energy that has no impact on the environment comparing to other energy resources. Sustainability: the renewable power is continually and sustainably replenished. It will non run out but other beginnings of energy are finite and someday will be consumed. Energy Security: utilizing the renewable energy beginnings will cut down the demand for importing oil from other states and it will increase the autonomy in energy production of a state. Making occupations: occupations will be created by puting money in constructing renewable energy engineering which will assist states in salvaging money that could be used in making occupation alternatively of directing it abroad to purchase fuel. Photovoltaic ( PV ) systems The word photovoltaic consists of two words â€Å" exposure † , which is a Grecian word means light and â€Å" Gur † , which refers to bring forth electricity. The PV systems are systems use solar panels to absorb the sunshine energy and change over it to electricity. These systems give the chance for people to bring forth electricity in clean, quiet and dependable manner. It besides named as solar cells systems because it uses sun visible radiation as the beginning for bring forthing electricity. The undermentioned image is one illustration for the PV system. PV system Component There are two of import constituents for any PV system, these constituents are: PV panels ( faculties ) and AC/DC power convertor or inverter. A PV system may include other constituent such as battery, solar tracker, interconnectedness wiring, and a racking system that holds the solar panels. PV panel consist of set PV cells, which consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff. One bed has a negative charge and the other positive. A group of connected solar panels or faculties is called a solar array. The inverter is an electrical power convertor that changes direct current ( DC ) the beginning to jumping current ( AC ) the finish. The DC is the solar panel in a PV system. The undermentioned image explains the difference between cell, faculty, and array parts of a PV system. The undermentioned image summarizes the most of import constituents for a PV system. The manner a PV system plants The undermentioned four stairss explain the manner that a PV system works: When the Sun visible radiation strikes the PV cell, the photons of the Sun visible radiation are absorbed by the atoms of the semiconducting material stuff. Chemical reactions release negatrons because negatrons negatively charged. The chemical reaction will bring forth electricity because the free negatrons will travel from the cell ‘s negative bed to an external circuit and back to the positive bed. This flow of negatrons green goodss electric current. The inverter will reassign the DC electric that is produced by the PV cells to AC that is traveling to be consumed by family demands. More electricity can be produced by increasing the figure of PV cells and panels that are connected to the PV system. When two panels are connected together in series, the electromotive force is maximized to the doubled while the current electric corsets constant. When two panels are connected in analogue, the current electric is maximized to the doubled but the electromotive force stays changeless. The undermentioned diagram explains procedure of bring forthing electricity from a PV system. The types of PV systems: PV systems can be classified depending on several factors. These factors may include: the systems application, operational demands, component constellations, and the manner that equipment is connected to power beginnings and electrical tonss. There are two chief types of solar PV systems: standalone off-grid and grid-connected or grid-tied solar PV systems. The undermentioned account for each type: Stand-alone off-grid PV system: this system is designed to work independently and non connected to electricity grid. This system needs battery bank to hive away the electricity, which is produced by the PV system. This system is largely being used in countries that the electricity grid is far off. The undermentioned figure demonstrates the off-grid PV system. Grid-connected PV systems: this system designed to work in analogue with the electricity grid. This is the most cost effectual type because it does non required battery bank. The lone disadvantage for this type is that this system does non supply backup power during a power outage even if the Sun is reflecting but for sites with dependable grid power, this is normally the logical system pick. Since there is no battery bank, the electric public-service corporation shops the electricity that is produced by the PV system through a system called net-metering. The end of put ining this system is to cut down or extinguish the sum of electricity and power that a occupant would devour from the electric public-service corporation grid. If the system produces electricity more than the family needs, the excess sum of the electricity will be pushed back to the public-service corporation grid and the electric public-service corporation will pay the retail rate to the system proprietor. This type of PV systems will be used in this survey because it ‘s cost effectual. The undermentioned chart shows the grid-connected PV systems. Previous surveies sing put ining PV systems Indiana State: It is province located at the United States of America located in the Midwest part of North America. The capital and the largest metropolis in the province is Indianapolis. The occupants of Indiana are called Hoosiers. The name of province means the Indian land. The entire country in Indiana State is 36,418 square stat mis. Harmonizing to National Atlas of the United States ( NAUS ) , Indiana is the 38th largest size in the U.S. The province has a maximal E to west dimension of 145 stat mis and a maximal dimension North to South of 250 stat mis. Michigan State is located on the northern boundary lines of the province, Ohio State located on the E, and Illinois State is located on the west boundary line of the State. The State of Indiana has a humid conditions, with cool winters and warm summers. Indiana is divided into 92 counties. As of 2010, there are 16 metropolitan, 25 micropolitan, 117 integrated metropoliss, and 450 towns. Indianapolis is largest metropolis and it is the capital of the State. The metropoliss with populations larger than 55,000 are: Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Carmel, Bloomington, A Hammond, Gary, Fishers, Muncie, Lafayette, Terre Haute, Anderson. As of July 1, 2011, the population of Indiana is 6,516,922. The power production at Indiana State chiefly produced via coal. There are 24 coal power workss in the province, including the Gibson Generating Station, which is the largest coal power works in the United States. Indiana State ranked the highest rate of S dioxide emanations in the United States because of the coal power works that are located in the province. The determination shapers in Indiana State have made valuable attempts to increasing the usage of renewable energy such as air current, solar power, hydroelectric, or biomass, nevertheless, the advancement has been really slow because of the immense sum of the coal resource in Southern Indiana. Engineering economic sciences: It is a subset of the economic scientific discipline focal points on the viability of technology applications and applications. An of import construct in technology economic sciences is the clip value of money. There are assorted constructs of technology economic sciences will be used in this survey. The most of import is the hard currency flow construct, which is the money motion in or out of a undertaking. The hard currency flow will assist an proprietor of a concern identify the old ages that are needed to return the portion capital of the undertaking. Another of import construct will be used in this survey is the net present value construct, which is the value of a payment or series of payments made at other times. Renewable Energy Incentives: Renewable energy inducements are authorities plans that are created to supply fiscal motives for U.S occupants to develop and put in engineerings and undertakings for bring forthing and bring forthing renewable energy. These plans are of import for the U.S occupant because it facilitates the procedure of put ining a PV system by cut downing the disbursals of purchasing it. The State of Indiana offers a province belongings revenue enhancement tax write-off and a revenue enhancement tax write-off of up to $ 1000 for the installing of solar engineerings. Chapter THREE: Method OF INVESTIGATION Overview In order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the 92 counties of Indiana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Arrested development theoretical accounts ( e.g. additive and multiple ) will be used to develop a mathematical theoretical account to measure the cost-effectiveness of typical PV systems. This chapter defines and explains the processs employed, and specifies the lower limit demands that the survey must run into. Besides, in this chapter, there will be a description of the designing tools that were used in the survey. Description of the Procedures Combinations of assorted informations aggregation methodological analysiss will be used in this survey, reexamining old surveies, questioning people from the PV industry, and recovering informations from the U.S. energy section web site. The information will be collected and analyzed through different applications such as SPSS, PV Calculator, and Microsoft Excel. Reviewing the old surveies will assist the research worker to understand the inside informations about PV engineerings and the best posing for put ining a typical PV system. The literature reappraisal methodological analysis helps the research worker in developing assorted inquiries that used in the interview procedure. The interview procedure will be conducted in three signifiers: face-to-face, over the phone, over the Internet. The interview helps the research worker gather informations from people work in the PV sector. It besides helps the research worker to be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and the monetary values for put ining a typical size of a PV system that is suited for typical individual household place in State of Indiana. The research worker will present himself, his background, and the research ends to the participant. After roll uping informations, the analysis procedure will get down. The different methods and applications will be used in the analysis of the collected information. Finally, the consequences of the analysis will assist the research worker in replying the survey inquiries. Description of Subjects and Equipments The success of this survey depends on assorted tools and applications: Interview, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan, Microsoft Excel, PV Watt application, Zip Code Finder, and Google Map. The followers is a description for each of these: Interview: the research worker will carry on interviews with people work in the PV industry. The interviews will assist the research worker collect information about the monetary values of a typical PV system. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan: it is a computing machine plan built for statistical analysis intents. SPSS package helps research workers analyzing current state of affairss for specific state of affairss and calculating future tendencies. Besides, it is a tool used by directors to do right determinations about their merchandises and build assorted relationships between different factors. By utilizing this package, houses are able to direct and automatize determinations to run into concern ends and achieve mensurable competitory advantage. This package was helpful for this survey because it will be easy to analyse the information that will be collected from different beginnings and happen relationships between different variables. This application will enable the research worker to sum up the consequences and convert the consequences to artworks which will ease reading the consequences. Excel package or dispersed sheet: This is an application that developed by the Microsoft company. This application is used for computations, making in writing, programing, making statistical operationsaˆÂ ¦ etc. This tool is of import for this research because it will be used for ciphering of import constructs such as hard currency flow, net nowadays value, and internal rate of return. PV Watt application: it is an application developed by the U.S section of energy to â€Å" find the energy production and cost nest eggs of grid-connected photovoltaic ( PV ) energy systems throughout the universe. It allows householders, installers, makers, and research workers to easy develop estimations of the public presentation of conjectural PV installings † . This is the most of import application for this survey because it will be used to gauge the electricity that could be produced by a typical PV system. This application needs some parametric quantities, which will be identified through interviewing or bespeaking an on-line quotation mark from professional people who work in the PV industry. Google Map: it is an application developed by Google Company. It offers geographical information about topographic points locations. This application is of import to the survey because it will be used to place of import two variables: solar AZ and solar height. These variables will be used in the PV Watt application to gauge the power that could be produced through a typical size of a PV system. Zip codification finder: it is a general web application offered by many web sites to place the nothing codification of a specific country. This application will be used in the survey to place the nothing codifications for the counties of Indiana State. Research Design and Procedures The survey processs depend on the applications and the tools that described above. All of these applications are of import for finishing the survey and each one will be used to finish specific occupation. First, the counties of Indiana have been found though the Indiana authorities web site ( IN.gov ) . The following tabular array and figure sum up these counties. NorthA EastA WestA CentralA South Central SouthA Elkhart, Adams, Benton, Boone, Bartholomew, Clark, Fulton, Allen, Carroll, Clay, Hamilton, Brown, Crawford, Jasper, Blackford, Clinton, Hancock, Davy, Dubois, Kosciusko, Cass, De Fountain, Hendricks, Dearborn, Floyd, La Grange, Kalb, Montgomery, Johnson, Decatur, Gibson, Lake, Delaware, Newton, Marion, Franklin, Harrison, LaPorte, Fayette, Owen, Parke, Morgan, Greene, Orange, Marshall, Grant, Henry, Putnam, Shelby Jackson, Perry, Pike, Porter, Howard, Sullivan, Jefferson, Posey, Scott, Pulaski, St. Huntington, Tippecanoe, Jennings, Spencer, Joseph, Jay, Madison, Vermillion, Knox, Vanderburgh, Starke, Steuben Miami, Noble, Vigo, Warren, White Lawrence, Martin, Warrick, Washington Randolph, Monroe, Rush, Tipton, Ohio, Ripley, Union, Switzerland Wabash, Wayne, Wells, Whitley Second, the research worker will choose three counties form each geographical country to be the sample for this survey: one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list. The selected northern counties are: Elkhart, Marshall, and Steuben. The selected Eastern counties are: Adams, Huntington and Whitley. The selected Western counties are: Benton, Owen and White. The selected Central counties are: Boone, Hendricks, and Shelby. The selected Southern Central counties are: Bartholomew, Jackson and Switzerland. Finally, the selected Southern counties are: Clark, Orange and Washington. The 3rd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each one of the selected counties. This has been done through the Zip codification Finder application. The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected northern counties. ZIP Codes functioning the county of ELKHART, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 46507 Bristol 46514 ELKHART 46515 ELKHART 46516 ELKHART 46517 ELKHART 46526 GOSHEN 46527 GOSHEN 46528 GOSHEN 46530 Farmer 46540 MIDDLEBURY 46542 MILFORD 46543 MILLERSBURG 46550 NAPPANEE 46553 NEW PARIS 46561 OSCEOLA 46567 Syracuse 46573 WAKARUSA ZIP Codes functioning the county of MARSHALL, Indiana ZIP Code City 46501 Argos 46504 Bourbon 46506 Bremen 46511 CULVER 46513 DONALDSON 46524 ETNA GREEN 46531 GROVERTOWN 46536 LAKEVILLE 46537 LAPAZ 46539 MENTONE 46550 NAPPANEE 46563 Plymouth 46570 TIPPECANOE 46572 TYNER 46574 WALKERTON ZIP Codes functioning the county of STEUBEN, Indiana ZIP Code City 46703 Angola 46705 ASHLEY 46737 Fremont 46742 Hamilton 46747 Hudson 46761 LAGRANGE 46776 ORLAND 46779 PLEASANT LAKE The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Eastern counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of ADAMS, Indiana ZIP Code City 46711 Bern 46714 BLUFFTON 46731 CRAIGVILLE 46733 Decatur 46740 Geneva 46745 Hoagland 46769 LINN GROVE 46772 Monroe 46773 MONROEVILLE 46777 OSSIAN 46780 PLEASANT MILLS 46782 PREBLE 47326 BRYANT ZIP Codes functioning the county of HUNTINGTON, Indiana ZIP Code City 46702 Andrews 46713 BIPPUS 46750 Huntington 46770 MARKLE 46783 Roanoke 46792 Warren 46940 LA FONTAINE 46991 VAN BUREN ZIP Codes functioning the county of WHITLEY, Indiana ZIP Code City 46562 PIERCETON 46723 CHURUBUSCO 46725 COLUMBIA CITY 46764 LARWILL 46783 Roanoke 46787 SOUTH WHITLEY The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Western counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of BENTON, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 47917 AMBIA 47921 Boswell 47942 EARL PARK 47944 Fowler 47948 GOODLAND 47970 OTTERBEIN 47971 Oxford 47975 PINE VILLAGE 47977 REMINGTON 47984 Talbot 47986 TEMPLETON ZIP Codes functioning the county of OWEN, Indiana ZIP Code City 46120 CLOVERDALE 46166 Paragon 47427 COAL CITY 47431 Freedom 47433 GOSPORT 47455 PATRICKSBURG 47456 Quincy 47459 SOLSBERRY 47460 Spencer 47471 WORTHINGTON 47833 Bowling GREEN 47868 Poland ZIP Codes functioning the county of WHITE, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 46978 ROYAL CENTER 46985 STAR CITY 47920 BATTLE GROUND 47923 BROOKSTON 47925 American bison 47926 BURNETTSVILLE 47929 CHALMERS 47950 IDAVILLE 47959 MONON 47960 MONTICELLO 47980 Reynolds 47995 WOLCOTT The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Central counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of BOONE, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 46035 COLFAX 46050 KIRKLIN 46052 LEBANON 46069 Sheridan 46071 THORNTOWN 46075 WHITESTOWN 46077 ZIONSVILLE 46102 Progress 46147 Jamestown 47968 NEW ROSS ZIP Codes functioning the county of HENDRICKS, Indiana ZIP Code City 46103 AMO 46112 BROWNSBURG 46113 CAMBY 46118 CLAYTON 46121 COATESVILLE 46122 DANVILLE 46123 Avon 46147 Jamestown 46149 LIZTON 46158 MOORESVILLE 46165 NORTH SALEM 46167 PITTSBORO 46168 PLAINFIELD 46180 STILESVILLE 46197 PLAINFIELD 46231 Indianapolis 46234 Indianapolis 47968 NEW ROSS ZIP Codes functioning the county of SHELBY, Indiana ZIP Code City 46110 BOGGSTOWN 46124 Edinburgh 46126 FAIRLAND 46130 FOUNTAINTOWN 46144 GWYNNEVILLE 46150 Manila 46161 Morristown 46162 NEEDHAM 46163 NEW PALESTINE 46176 SHELBYVILLE 46182 WALDRON 46259 Indianapolis 47234 FLAT ROCK 47272 Saint Paul The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern Central counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of BARTHOLOMEW, Indiana ZIP Code City 46124 Edinburgh 47201-47203 Columbus 47226 CLIFFORD 47232 ELIZABETHTOWN 47234 FLAT ROCK 47236 GRAMMER 47244 HARTSVILLE 47246 Hope 47247 JONESVILLE 47274 Seymour 47280 TAYLORSVILLE 47283 WESTPORT ZIP Codes functioning the county of JACKSON, Indiana ZIP Code City 47102 Austin 47220 BROWNSTOWN 47228 Cortland 47229 CROTHERSVILLE 47235 Freetown 47249 KURTZ 47260 MEDORA 47264 Norman 47274 Seymour 47281 VALLONIA ZIP Codes functioning the county of SWITZERLAND, Indiana ZIP Code City 47011 Bennington 47019 EAST ENTERPRISE 47020 Firenze 47038 Patriot 47043 VEVAY The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of CLARK, Indiana ZIP Code City 47104 Bethlehem 47106 BORDEN 47111 Charlestown 47119 FLOYDS KNOBS 47126 HENRYVILLE 47129 CLARKSVILLE 47130 JEFFERSONVILLE 47131 JEFFERSONVILLE 47132 JEFFERSONVILLE 47133 JEFFERSONVILLE 47134 JEFFERSONVILLE 47141 MARYSVILLE 47143 Memphis 47144 JEFFERSONVILLE 47147 NABB 47162 NEW WASHINGTON 47163 OTISCO 47172 SELLERSBURG 47177 Underbrush 47190 JEFFERSONVILLE 47199 JEFFERSONVILLE ZIP Codes functioning the county of ORANGE, Indiana ZIP Code City 47108 CAMPBELLSBURG 47118 English 47125 HARDINSBURG 47140 Marengo 47175 TASWELL 47432 FRENCH LICK 47452 Orleans 47454 PAOLI 47469 WEST BADEN SPRINGS ZIP Codes functioning the county of WASHINGTON, Indiana ZIP Code City 47106 BORDEN 47108 CAMPBELLSBURG 47120 Fredericksburg 47125 HARDINSBURG 47126 HENRYVILLE 47145 MILLTOWN 47164 Palmyra 47165 PEKIN 47167 Salem 47170 SCOTTSBURG 47281 VALLONIA The following measure is utilizing the Google Map will assist the research worker in happening the exact geographical place for each nothing codification. By happening the exact location for each county, the research worker will be able to happen solar power potency for each country. The 5th measure in the research methodological analysis is utilizing the PV Watt application, which is lunched by the section of energy, with the parametric quantities, which will be gotten from questioning the people who work in the PV industry. The parametric quantities are needed to cipher the expected produced energy from the typical PV system that has been built harmonizing to recommendation from professional people who work in the PV industry. Finally, the Microsoft Excel will be used for making the mathematical computation such as the IRR and NPR. The interview is besides of import for this survey because it will assist the research worker be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and with the monetary values of put ining a typical system for a typical individual household. The names of the makers, distributors, traders and service A ; fix specializer have been taken from the electronic version of the xanthous book hypertext transfer protocol: //www.yellowpages.com. The research worker usage â€Å" Solar System † as a cardinal phrase for the hunt and Indiana has been selected as the location. Then, the consequences have been filtered by choosing three classs: Solar Energy Equipment A ; Systems-Dealers. Solar Energy Equipment A ; Systems-Service A ; Repair. Solar Energy Equipment A ; Systems-Manufacturers A ; Distributors The following tabular array summarizes the name, type of concern, location and phone figure. A Name Business Type City Telephone 1 Solar Energy Systems, LLC retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, distributer, electric public-service corporation Nappanee, Indiana USA 46550 ( 574 ) 773-0546 2 Bowen Engineering General Contractor Fishermans, Indiana USA 46038 317-842-2616 3 BPM Service Today Contractor Kendallville, Indiana USA 46755 260-347-9388 4 Concept Beyond Tomorrow retail gross revenues Chesterton, Indiana USA 46304 219-929-1397 5 CoolSpell, LLC. retail gross revenues, sweeping provider Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46220 317-201-4435 6 Earth-SOLAR Technologies Corporation Photovoltaic Cell Manufacturer Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46202 317. 926. 7000 7 EcoSource Inc sweeping provider Columbus, Indiana USA 47201 812-342-7226 8 Estes Design A ; Manufacturing, Inc. maker Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46229 317-899-2203 9 G-Tech Energy, Inc. retail gross revenues, site survey/assessment Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46220 317-627-3031 10 Green Options retail gross revenues Kokomo, Indiana USA 46902 765-480-4138 11 Greenworks Energy retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, importer, distributer, mfg Yorktown, Indiana USA 47396 877-365-POWER 12 Hoagland Electric Inc. Electrical Contracting, industrial, commercial, controls, forte Wayne, Indiana USA 46818 260-489-5990 13 Home Energy LLC retail gross revenues, contractor, sweeping provider Middlebury, Indiana USA 46540 ( 574 ) 825-4800 14 Hurshtown Alternative Power retail gross revenues, sweeping provider Grabill, Indiana USA 46741-9617 260-438-5250 15 Illiana Power Corporation Solar energy consulting, design A ; installing Terre Haute, Indiana USA 47802 888-815-8023 16 Inovateus Solar LLC sweeping provider, distributer South Bend, Indiana USA 46637 574-485-1405 17 Mann Plumbing Inc MPI Solar retail gross revenues Bloomington, Indiana USA 47404 812-334-4003 ( 812 ) 327-8476 18 Morton Solar A ; Wind, LLC Renewable Energy Products and Services Evansville, Indiana USA 47711 812-402-0900 19 Following Generation Resources, LLC retail gross revenues Grabill, Indiana USA 46741 260-437-6490 20 Phoenix Mechanical consulting, design, installing, contractor services Garrett, Indiana USA 46738 260-357-1930 21 Renewable Energy Systems, LLC design, installing, undertaking development services, contractor services Avilla, Indiana USA 46710 260-897-2450 22 Rescuer retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, exporter Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46239 317-465-8496 23 Solar Wind Energy Corporation design, installing, building, site study and appraisal services, contractor services, care and fix services Kendallville, Indiana USA 46755 260-347-8382 24 Southside Attic Solution retail gross revenues Greenwood, Indiana USA 46142 ( 317 ) 847-4546 25 SunRise Solar Inc maker, sweeping provider St. John, Indiana USA 46373 219-306-8163 26 SunWind Power Systems, Inc Solar and wind installing, design, and confer withing Floyds Knobs, Indiana USA 47119 A 27 Illiana Power Corporation Repeated Solar Energy Contracting Indianapolis A ; Ft. Wayne A ; South Bend A ; Michigan City A ; Indiana USA 46803 888-815-8023 28 One Planet Solar and Wind Inc. retail gross revenues Terre Haute, Indiana USA 47807 812-235-1380 29 Strong Tower Roofing A ; Construction Installation, care Springville, IN 47462 ( 812 ) 797-0630 30 Lindley Heating A ; Cooling Inc. retail gross revenues Pittsboro, IN 46167 ( 317 ) 892-6024 31 Midwest Solar Additions installing, design, and confer withing Hebron, IN 46341 ( 219 ) 996-7214 32 Ameresco Energy Servicess retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46240 ( 317 ) 816-0990 33 480v Solar installing, design, and confer withing Michigan City, IN 46360 ( 219 ) 879-5501 34 PrimeStar Solar Installation, care Indianapolis, IN 46229 ( 317 ) 899-3000 35 J J J Enterprises retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46221 ( 317 ) 856-4744 36 Yager Electric retail gross revenues Fort Wayne, IN 46818 ( 260 ) 710-2707 37 Solar Systems of Indiana installing, design, and confer withing Bloomington, IN 47408 ( 812 ) 336-2785 38 Midwest Wind and Solar LLC installing, design, and confer withing Merrillville, IN 46411 ( 219 ) 714-2488 39 Solar Century of Indiana installing, design, and confer withing Indianapolis, IN 46201 ( 317 ) 546-5071 40 Fair A ; Square Construction retail gross revenues, Installation Poland, IN 47868 ( 812 ) 821-0526 41 L A ; S Electric Co Inc retail gross revenues, Installation Hammond, IN 46327 ( 219 ) 932-8504 42 Solar Electric Turbine Co installing, design, and confer withing Westfield, IN 46074 ( 317 ) 985-5685 43 Solar Energy Systems installing services Shipshewana, IN 46565 ( 260 ) 768-7275 44 Solartek Energy installing Jeffersonville, IN 47130 ( 812 ) 282-4601 45 Solar and Wind Wave Installation Indianapolis, IN 46217 ( 317 ) 641-4610 46 BP Solar installing, design, and confer withing Whitening, IN 46394 ( 219 ) 473-2867 47 Solar Tek Energy retail gross revenues Newburgh, IN 47630 ( 812 ) 853-5385 48 ERMCO, Inc. Electrical A ; Communications Contractors retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46217 ( 317 ) 780-2923 Nine inquiries will be asked for the PV representative. These inquiries divided into four classs: constituent and costs, public presentation, country and size, and care and life-time. The inquiries are: Component and costs: What are the major constituents in a grid connected photovoltaic system? How much does a typical Photovoltaics system cost, and on what footing is monetary value determined? Performance: How is the electrical public presentation of Photovoltaic faculties and arrays typically rated? What is the DC electrical end product of PV cells? How should a PV array be oriented for maximal energy production? ( What are the effects of leaning a PV array at lower or higher angles than the local latitude? ) What energy public presentation can be expected from a grid-connected PV system? The size of the systems How much surface country is required for put ining a PV array? How are grid-connected PV systems sized? Care and life clip What are typical care demands for PV systems? What is the expected life-time for a PV system? How to cite Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Paul Krugman Columnist Project Response free essay sample

He points out the fallacy in the Republicans’ arguments. He tells that the Republicans are establishing Mellon-style liquidation as â€Å"the official doctrine of the G. O. P. † Krugman attacks any and all flaws that he can find in the Republican legislation. According to Krugman, the economic policy of the Republicans is to â€Å"liquidate† all excessive spending, or as much as possible. Krugman says that this pretty much means schoolteachers. He is pretty much is making fun of the opposing Republicans’ actions toward improving the economy. He argues that the Republicans are embracing an 80-year old â€Å"economic fallacies,† which he deems as being ineffective. He does admit that the Democrats aren’t helping the case either. He says that they â€Å"are offering little pushback. † Krugman is not very respectful in his refutations of his opponents. He writes the entire article in a cynical tone, one that is almost mocking the Republicans. Within the article, he uses a large amount of sarcasm through the use of numerous rhetorical questions and verbal irony. We will write a custom essay sample on Paul Krugman Columnist Project Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While he is describing the Republicans’ argument, he points out that they are saying that â€Å"job destruction leads to lower wages, which leads to job creation. † He is quick to follows that with a rhetorical question that says â€Å"But won’t this job creation lead to higher wages, which leads to job destruction, which leads to ? † Krugman really tends to stick to logos in this article, and tries to persuade the reader through rhetorical strategies such as process analysis and argumentation. I didn’t agree with Mr. Krugman at all, in fact he made me kind of mad and disgusted at the content of his arguments, as well as the constant trite remarks the he directed towards the Republicans. Despite the fact that I am rather close-minded, I couldn’t help but find that Mr. Krugman resorted more to personal attacks rather than attacks of his opponents’ actions or ideals. However, at the end of the article, I was glad to see that he admitted that the Democrats weren’t doing anything at all to help either, so I give him more credit and will read his articles with a more open mind.

Providing Access to Clean Water

The shortage of clean water affects millions of people living in different regions of the world. For instance, one can mention Northern Africa and the Middle East since these regions are adversely affected by draughts. Moreover, this problem results in numerous diseases that can take thousands of lives [1]. This is the main reason why this issue should not be overlooked. Additionally, it is important to remember that the lack of clean water impairs the economic development of many countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Providing Access to Clean Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, one can speak about the needs of farmers and industrial enterprises [1]. One should keep in mind that in many cases, this problem is not directly related to climate, since very often people cannot get access to water due to political conflicts and economic difficulties. Overall, this issue is great concern to govern mental and non-governmental organizations. These are some of the main details should be considered. This topic is closely related to engineering since it is necessary to find technological solutions that can make water more accessible. In many cases, the countries, which are affected by this problem, may lack the technologies that can be used for water purification. While working on this problem, engineers will need to consider various factors. For instance, very often it is necessary to remove a specific contaminant from water, and it is necessarily to design products that can be applied for this particular purpose. Additionally, one should consider such a criterion as cost-effectiveness since these technologies must be affordable to various communities. So, it is possible to say that this problem still presents a challenge to engineers. More importantly, these professionals can develop solutions that can benefit thousands or even millions of people. Overall, there are several solu tions that can be used to alleviate problem. For instance, one can speak about the desalination systems which are based on such a process as reverse osmosis (RO) [2]. The use of RO membrane facilitates the extraction of salt. It is important to remember that this technology has become more cost-effective. At present, the desalination of 1000 gallons of sea water costs approximately $2 [2]. This is why this option should be overlooked by coastal communities that can significantly increase the amount of clean water which is available to them. Additionally, it is important to consider recycling technologies. In this way, people can increase the amount for water that can be used for industrial production or irrigation [1]. Admittedly, the water recycled in this way may not be suitable for personal uses. However, it can be of immense value to farmers and manufacturing companies that are strongly dependent on the supply of clean water.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental st udies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the use of nano-membranes can also be useful because they can remove specific pollutants from water [1]. These technologies can be of great use to the communities that struggle with such a problem as water contamination that could have been caused some industrial activities. Therefore, this discussion indicates that there are effective technological solutions that can increase the accessibility of clean water. Furthermore, in some cases, the cost of applying these technologies has considerably declined. Therefore, they can be of great use to low-income communities. Moreover, one can argue that engineers can work on the technological solutions that can benefit thousands of people. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. References [1] â€Å"Provide access to clean water,† n.d. Web. Available:  http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9142.aspx . [2] J. M enningmann. â€Å"RO Membrane Technology Advances Improve Global Access to Clean Water,† n.d. Web. Available:  https://sgcweb.s3.wasabisys.com/wqp/s3fs-public/18_MO_RO.pdf . This essay on Providing Access to Clean Water was written and submitted by user Alyson Evans to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Basic Assumptions of Economics

Basic Assumptions of Economics A basic assumption of economics begins with the combination of unlimited wants and limited resources. We can break this problem into two parts: Preferences: What we like and what we dislike.Resources: We all have limited resources. Even Warren Buffett and Bill Gates have limited resources. They have the same 24 hours in a day that we do, and neither is going to live forever. All of economics, including  microeconomics and macroeconomics, comes back to this basic assumption that we have limited resources to satisfy our preferences and unlimited wants. Rational Behavior In order to simply model how humans attempt to make this possible, we need a basic behavioral assumption. The assumption is that people attempt to do as well as possible for themselves- or, maximize outcomes- as defined by their preferences, given their resource constraints. In other words, people tend to make decisions based on their own best interests. Economists say that people who do this exhibit rational behavior. The benefit to the individual can have either monetary value or emotional value. This assumption does not necessarily mean that people make  perfect decisions. People may be limited by the amount of information they have (e.g., It seemed like a good idea at the time!). As well, rational behavior, in this context, says nothing about the quality or nature of peoples preferences (But I enjoy hitting myself on the head with a hammer!). Tradeoffs- You Get What You Give The struggle between preferences and constraints means that economists must, at their core, deal with the problem of tradeoffs. In order to get something, we must use up some of our resources. In other words, individuals must make choices about what is most valuable to them. For example, someone who gives up $20 to buy a new bestseller from Amazon.com is making a choice. The book is more valuable to  that person than the $20. The same choices are made with things that dont necessarily have monetary value. A person who gives up three hours of time to watch a professional baseball game on TV also is making a choice. The satisfaction of watching the game is more valuable than the time it took to watch it. The Big Picture These individual choices are only a small ingredient  of what we refer to as our economy. Statistically, a single choice made by a single person is the smallest of sample sizes, but when millions of people are making multiple choices every day about what they value, the cumulative effect of those decisions is what drives markets on national and even global scales. For example, go back to the single individual making a choice to spend three hours watching a baseball game on TV. The decision is not monetary on its surface; its based on the emotional satisfaction of watching the game. But consider if the local team being watched is having a winning season and that individual is one of many choosing to watch games on TV, thus driving up ratings. That kind of trend can make television advertising during those games more appealing for area businesses, which can generate more interest in those businesses, and it becomes easy to see how collective behaviors can start to have a significant impact. But it all starts with small decisions made by individuals about how best to satisfy unlimited wants with limited resources.

Cause of Bronchitis and Tests Done To Determine It

Cause of Bronchitis and Tests Done To Determine It The most common disease associated with respiratory system is bronchitis. It is often accompanied by a cold or flu and affects people regardless of age. If your immune system is weak or you are a chain smoker, then you are greatly exposed to develop chronic bronchitis. In few cases, developing asthmatic bronchitis is also possible. Smoking is considered to be a serious cause of bronchitis which can lead to other complications like pneumonia. The substances found in cigarettes as well other tobacco causes bronchial tubes irritation. Environmental pollution and exposures to chemicals can also lead to developing chronic bronchitis. In addition, second-hand smokes as shown in some studies can also cause chronic bronchitis. Mostly, chronic bronchitis is diagnosed among metal molders, grain handlers, coal miners, and other dust-related occupation. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis worsen if air pollutants and sulfur dioxide also increases. However, bronchitis is brought about by viruses. Within a few days, these viruses may disappear without medications. If bacteria is the cause of bronchitis, then antibiotics is needed to completely overcome it. Bronchitis can either be chronic or acute. Acute bronchitis generates extreme symptoms. It normally clears up immediately if viruses caused it. Chronic bronchitis produces milder symptoms but later on can aggravate. This is often persistent with recidivating character. Chronic bronchitis requires continuous treatment to prevent symptoms from recurring. Bronchitis manifests different symptoms including coughs, breath shortness, soreness, discomfort, excessive mucus production, headache, wheezing, chest pain, and fever. Fever is present due to bacteria infections posing any possible complications. Among the COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) illnesses, bronchitis mostly affects more people. And despite its large affected population, it is usually misdiagnosed. Insufficient clinical examination can misinterpret bronchitis with allergies, asthma, and sinusitis. The doctor will ask your medical background which includes pervious and recent smoking habits. Your endurance is also questioned whether or not it is easy for you to climb stairs or walk a long distance. Using a stethoscope, the doctor will examine your chest and back and listen to your normal breathing. In this way, signs of bronchitis can be determined. However, the best way to confirm the presence and seriousness of bronchitis is to undergo PFT or pulmonary function tests. Keep in mind that these tests can be done if causes are known. It includes: Spirometry. An instrument called spirometer is utilized to measure the air inhaled and exhaled from your lungs. Air volumes are measured to determine the ability of your lungs to hold and exhale air. Peak flow meter. It measures the PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate). PEFR is the maximum quantity of air that you can exhale upon forced exhalation. Chest x-ray. This is suggested by a doctor to know if pneumonia problems are present. Mild x-ray changes can be a sign of chronic bronchitis. ABG (arterial blood gas) test. This determines the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in your blood. A blood is drawn from your artery. The procedure can make you very uncomfortable. Analysis of your blood gas is useful if oxygen therapy can be advised in case your blood oxygen is very low. Additional tests are necessary if other problems related to your health are involved. If infections are present, sputum and blood tests as well as cultures are conducted to determine the causes of infections. There are different factors when considering treatments for bronchitis. If it is not caused by bacteria, unblocking the obstruction from the airways is done. Medical treatments inhaled medications helpful in unblocking the air passages of your respiratory tract. Bronchodilators are widely used for asthmatic bronchitis and chronic bronchitis.

Laeken Declaration Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Laeken Declaration Paper - Essay Example The crafting of the constitution reinforces the powers and duties of the European Court of Justice’s embrace of each member state’s unique constitutional provisions. The first step includes the establishment of the Convention of the Future, a constitutional convention. The Federalist Papers no. 49 (Madison) states â€Å"The people are the only legitimate fountain of power, and it is from them that the constitutional charter, under which several branches of government hold their power, is derived† (Eriksen 2004). Lee McGowan mentioned â€Å"The Laekan Declaration on the Future of the European Union was adopted by the European Council at its summit in Laeken, Belgium on 15 December 2001. The Declaration followed a similar Declaration on the Future of the Union adopted a year earlier at the same time as the Treaty of Nice and was significant for the issues it raised for consideration by the Convention on the Future of Europe which was launched in late February 2002 . ... Second, the Laeken Declaration focused on resolving the European Union’s democratic deficit. The aim of the Laeken Declaration is to establish a European Union political entity grounded on firm democracy, crystal clear transparency and efficiency. Third, the Laeken Declaration centered on simplifying the European Union’s political environment. The same Declaration emphasized the integration of the treaties into a European Union constitution. Likewise, the Declaration delves on defining the European Union’s role in enhancing the global environment. Lastly, the Declaration centers on bringing the European Union citizens within one synergy-filled single European Union community1. The Treaty of Lisbon enhanced the concepts of the prior Laeken Declaration. The Laeken Declaration hinted on the importance of constitutional reform policies. The Lisbon treaty included a new reform vehicle that gave a semblance of constitutional intentions, the Convention on the Future of Europe. The word selections were toned to impress a constitutional purpose. Taking into consideration the mandate as well as the character envisioned by the democratic constitutional perspective, the Belgian presidents’ advocacy for the Treaty of Lisbon was the handiwork of the European Council. European integration can both be an opportunity and a threat. There is no convincing evidence that some of the national governments of the Europe Union will stand to loss if they implement a European Union constitution. To resolve the issue, some European governments have adapted their structures and procedures to keep abreast with the increasing scope of European Union integration. The Treaty of Lisbon, inspired by the Laeken Declaration, states that the national

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Assignment Example The mashup software made this map so interactive that it enabled guests to reserve or to get confirmation of the reservation or to make any query by just clicking an event on the map. Mashup even enabled the guests to receive photos of hosts and the house. Wiki was used to manage the customer relations. Information regarding location and contact were there on wiki for each volunteer. There were wine-related cartoons, advertisements on wiki. Even an interactive location map was integrated with wiki so that guests can make their reservation and get other information. Web 2.0 technologies have redefined the World Wide Web communication by permitting users to comment on a blog or create content (Gonzalez, April 6 2008). This has enhanced the quality of interaction. Stormhoek used blogs to find out the hosts and guests for 100 wine tasting events which would increase their sales. This increase in sale was due to the proper use of blog which was created and operated with the help of web 2.0 technologies. Blog spam refers to random comments posted automatically by the marketers for the purpose for promotions. It is a problem because it is an illegal use of somebody else’s blog to get more clicks. Blog spam gets the traffic away from the original blog to the visitor’s blog (Hill, 2006). Wackà ¥, F. June 18 2004, Corporate Blog – A Short definition, Your Guide to Corporate Blogging, Retrieved from http://www.corporateblogging.info/2004/06/corporate-blog-short-definition.asp (November 7,

Change and Modernization Essay Example for Free

Change and Modernization Essay The Industrial Revolution has had a tremendous impact on the whole world. But because of its British origin the people living on the island bore most of the hardships and went through the quickest and most radical change out off all the people affected by this movement. The beginning of the movement can be traced to 1750 and continued through to about 1870. Although Britain was the epicenter of this change not many countries were unaffected by this. It may be argued that the reason the Industrial Revolution spanned a period of 120 years was due to it transforming a large-scale culture as opposed to a quicker change in a small-scale Arembepe like culture. Subsequent to the revolution, agricultural growth took a backseat to technological innovations and mass production. Society changed in a very short time from an agrarian and relatively self-sufficient society to an industrial and consumption driven one. As a result, this gave rise to Capitalism, as well as, Marxism because a revolution of this sort pitted the people with little access to resources against the wealthy factory managers and owners. Associated with this progress is also religion, which played an integral part in the shaping of the revolution and its progress. The industrial revolution forever changed the face of the modern world. The modernization and change that was brought upon by this revolution improved lives and at the same time disregarded the basic principles of humane treatment. All of this was achieved with the blood and sweat of the British factory laborer in the 18th and 19th century. Prior to the Industrial Revolution Britain experienced a boom from colonial entrepreneurship. Britain was at the forefront of colonial discovery helped by advances in marine architecture and navigation. Sociopolitical organization was stratified and Britain was still mostly an agrarian society. Ascribed statues determined who was noble and who was not and social roles were an integral part of the British society. Institutions like the royal court and tribunals along with nobility, which was also entrusted with keeping the peace, represented basic the structure of the state. Farming was the engine that moved the British economy prior to the Industrial Revolution and wealth was relative to the amount of land one owned. In most regions, the ownership of agricultural land and the organization of production followed a common pattern. A large proportion of  land was owed by medium to large landowners, (More, 5) but a significant number of small land owners, whose numbers were declining i n the late 18th century, also existed. Life in the country was hard because there was no specialization, thus large numbers of laborers were needed and wages were low. Division of labor was evident but was not gender based due to a degree of specialization within each specific production type. Disgruntled youth who faced bleak prospects in agricultural life often chose to join the military or the clergy. These two institutions were viewed as appropriate alternatives to a future mired with difficulty and little or no prospect of advancement in status. Compared with an agricultural vocation the clergy and the military provided the opportunity of increase in status and power. Religion was also an integral feature of British society in the pre-Industrial age. As mentioned above sociopolitical structure was stratified with a King who presided over all state matters. His/her rule was considered divine and the church played a key role in most state matters. It is evident that legitimacy was achieved through authority and that formal institutions were well in place generations prior to the Industrial Revolution. Even during the first years of the Industrial Revolution Britain was considered to be one of the most advanced nations in the world and its superiority was reflected in the higher living standards and more diverse patterns of consumption than elsewhere. (Evans, 6) Even prior to the Industrial Revolution people living on the British Isle enjoyed a more prosperous life than their neighbors. The English consumed far greater amounts of meat than their French counterparts (Evans, 6) and what is even more surprising is that this prosperity was also enjoyed by populations living well outside urban settlements. Stratification in British society was more than evident in this period and this is evident by unequal access to wealth, status, and power. Aristocracy was an integral part of the society and divine rule was still a universal belief held by most subjects of the British society. Bureaucracy, at the time, was a well established institution which seemed to grow with the growth of the econ omy subsequent to the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was the result of several factors that Britain had supremacy over. The British colonies were  at its highest productivity and all the exports were shipped to England where they were sold or used as raw materials for production. It is argued that the cotton industry was the largest contributor to the technological advances of the period, more specifically, advances in weaving techniques. Factories grew in urban areas of England, where labor was plentiful, and it was not long before even the cities were not big enough to supply the labor requirements of the factories. Rural settlements soon were emptied by the promise of prosperity and independence from communal living. Massive amounts of previously agricultural workers were migrating to the cities with no vision of what may be in store for them. What awaited them were long hours, a hazardous working environment and deplorable living conditions. Innovation was at the core of the Industrial Revolution hence systems were developed to accommodate this but had themselves gone through numerous changes. The Patent System gave the inventor sole proprietorship of an invention and its distribution for fourteen years and many industrialists argued that this was monopolizing. (Bowden, 30) Therefore, they successfully lobbied for firmer regulations when the government awarded patents. The rigidity of the patent system manifested itself in the form of numerous approvals one had to seek to have his invention recognized. Unfortunately, it was mostly men who partook in inventions and technological advancement at this time. These inventions were immediately, upon government approval, implemented in the industrial infrastructure and as a result modernization and change is most obvious during this period. The Industrial Revolution ha[d] enormously increased living standards and it cannot be disputed that the benefits of economic growth filtered down through society to produce higher per capita incomes and vastly increased consumer choices. (Evans, 157) These choices greatly impacted the resettlement of people to urban areas, thus, affecting the growth of cities in Britain in an unimaginable way. Cities grew by as much as 180 percent in a span of 25 years. This resettlement affected agricultural production and combined with price increases of agricultural goods the average laborer in the city could barely support his/her family. Slowly through economic growth wages of laborers improved and gained buoyancy (Evans, 161) While some professions continued unflustered, industrialization influenced the relationship most people had with work. Lawyers, doctors and shopkeepers and some artisans were mostly unaffected by the industrial revolution but skilled artisans that had to compete with the factories were driven out of business and had to settle for a job as a semi skilled laborer in a factory. (Strayer, 102) This impacted the family dynamic greatly because the putting out system was extinguished almost overnight. (Bowden, 248) This system was unique in that it involved a household rather than a factory in the production of goods. This mode of production involved a family or a household which would receive raw materials and refine them and pass them on to a different household which would work on the good according to its trade. This would sometimes occur numerous times until it was delivered to the merchant who sold it at the market and then paid the household for their work. With the rise of factories families were now obsolete, as far as production factors are concerned, and were forced to seek work outside the household. This divided the family unit with the husband, the wife, and even the child all working in a factory. A principle that was established even in agrarian society, not long before, was adopted in industrialization. Families tended to have more children because children were seen as potential wage earners and, thus, were considered to be an asset capable of earning a wage and contributing to the family. Sense of community was also disturbed by the industrialization in Britain. Church bells symbolized communal notions but soon became obsolete with the advent of the pocket watch. A Pocket watch also symbolized individualism because it meant that people were measuring time for themselves due to increased demand for efficiency. By 1899 Britain had the largest city in Europe. London had overtaken its continental counterparts and numerous other vastly populated cities could only be compared to certain cities in France and Italy. From the 1700 to 1800s Londons population doubled to 950,000 and the number of towns with a population over 20,000 changed from eight to about twenty in the period from 1750 to 1800. (More, 21) Trade between these towns was crucial to sustain the economy and it was done through a very complicated  transportation network which included roads, canals, and royal highways. Canals were crucial to the British economy because river travel was less costly and viewed to be safer. The dawn of complex transport infrastructure led to the introduction of the mail service in 1784. Roads and canals were maintained by the people living in the region and by wealthy landowners who saw that it was in their interest to maintain the infrastructure that was crucial to their prosperity. These entrepreneurs saw the potential in the income these roads can bring to them, thus, toll booth levying was evident throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Britain was fortunate in possessing waterways which accommodated trade and transportation and also in that major cities and industrial centers had ports that were easily accessible. The exchange of goods and materials was accommodated by a very sophisticated system that involved paper money, gold, silver and bronze coins. The economy was bolstered by the emerging banking system which was the precursor to the system that banks follow today. The Industrial Revolution had influenced the life of an urban citizen in numerous ways. Market demand forced companies to specialize in selling and producing one good rather than various goods. The Lipton Tea company (More, 126) specialized in packaging and selling tea it had imported from the Indies and with this companies emerged to accommodate the tea industry. Butter companies and other companies merged to produce goods which would satisfy the tea drinking population of Britain. This shows the specialization that emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution. These are examples from the consumer goods sector but numerous companies emerged that produced capital goods and usually these companies produced just one good. Industrial companies were no exception to this new trend in production and they specialized on a much larger scale than ever before in history. Industry now became a new concept in the old world. The beginning of the 19th century saw the emergence of the iron and engineering industry that complimented each other. The engineering industry can be divided into two separate entities that both impacted the British society enormously. The heavy engineering sector was growing due to iron production and also due to demands for mechanization, whose importance was realized in the 19th century. The steam engine (predecessor to the gas powered one) was invented  by James Watt and had significantly improved the efficiency of some industries. Engineering also took on a form of light engineering as well. Light engineering accommodated the rise in demand for consumer products. These products usually took the form of cutlery, pots, pans but also textiles. As more and more people moved to urban areas there was a higher demand for products that were used by the upper class. Class differences were obvious and with the onset of migration to urban areas the rural population was witness to the life styles of the rich and, thus, there was and increased demand for the products the wealthy were using. The rise in wage also accommodated this rise in demand for consumer products. The textile industry which had seen mechanization impact its production was now less responsive to change. Change was more gradual and incremental instead of being rapid or sudden. Wool had overtaken the demand of cotton due to its higher quality and affordability which came about as a result of rising incomes, as mentioned before. The industrial revolution was a phenomenon that transformed the face of Britain and the world the moment it presented itself. Its results are visible today by societys high demand for mechanization and constant movement towards modernization. The face of Britain changed almost instantly and with it so did the lives of the people who represented the backbone of the British society. The Industrial Revolution is the largest single example of change and modernization in the modern age. Lives were tumultuously changed and behavior patterns forever altered for the sake of technological advancement. Agricultural revolution took a back seat and emphasis moved from relative self-sufficiency to wage earning. The common laborer experienced tumultuous times ridden with economic and domestic hardships. The quality of life was deplorable at best in some places but eventually the situation improved with the rise in moralist ideologies. Change was achieved at the expense of early industrial laborers and the hardships they have endured. Whether modernization benefits the human species is an argument that will be debated until the final outcome is realized. Until then the society around us is following a natural course of evolution that is sometimes damaging everything around us. This change that occurred and is still occurring, although less drastically now, is change that is endogenous  to our society and that is why we must view it as being natural and occurring independent of outside influences. Modernization is a result of change and change is a natural occurring event and all we can do is watch and not let it rule us.

The Development of the Ideas Needed to Create an Atomic Bomb Essay

The Development of the Ideas Needed to Create an Atomic Bomb I. Introduction Where did the atomic bomb come from? In this paper, I will look at the development of the ideas needed to create an atomic bomb. Specifically, what did scientists need to know for them to theorize that a cataclysmic explosion would result when a critical mass of certain elements undergo a chain reaction of nuclear fission. However, I will only look at scientific ideas generally, as they progressed towards fission. This development of ideas was propelled by genius, persistence and tenacity, coupled with flashes of insight into the nature of the universe. We see that this development is tied closely to the ability to free the teathers of erroneous paradigms and build better models of the universe in their place. We will be concerned, principally, with the development of physics. Einstein wrote the following on the definition of physics: "What we call physics comprises that group of natural sciences which base their concepts on measurements; and whose concepts and propositions lend themselves to mathematical formulation." (Weaver, 78) Although physics today is more focused, this is the basis of all science. One of the first groups of people to freely think about the universe and make an attempt to explain their world scientifically were the Greeks. II. The Greek Ideology The Greek's investigation of science demonstrate that their minds were on par with the best of this era, specifically Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.), who formed many brilliant theories. He, along with others, put the theories into sophisticated form that created the basis of scientific thought for close to two millennia. In his universe were four "elements": Earth, Water, Air, and Fire. The Earth was the common center of all the solid materials and had a natural place as the center of the universe. If all the solid material sought a location as close to the center as possible, then the Earth had to be a sphere. He had likewise ordered the other "elements" into spheres. Water had its natural place on the surface of the sphere Earth. Air had its natural place on the surface of the sphere Water. Fire had its natural place outside the sphere of Air. Observations corresponded to this view of the universe. However, he performed no experiments. He stated that heavier objects would want to move faster tow... ...tion to the Atomic Age", (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991) Weart, Spencer R., "Nuclear Fear", (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press, 1988) Weaver, Jefferson Hane, "The World of Physics", Vol 1 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliography Asimov, Issac, "The History of Physics", (New York: Walker and Company, 1983) Taylor, John R.; Zafiratos, Chris D.; "Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers", (Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991) Sachs, Mendel, "Einstein Versus Bohr", (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1988) Segre, Emilio, "From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves", (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1984) Segre, Emilio, "From X-rays to Quarks", (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1980) Stoff, Michael B.; Fanton, Jonathan F.; Willans, R.; "The Manhattan Project: A Documentary Introduction to the Atomic Age", (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991) Weart, Spencer R., "Nuclear Fear", (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press, 1988) Weaver, Jefferson Hane, "The World of Physics", Vol 1 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987)

Quality education Essay

For years, I have witnessed how the art of teaching had evolved and it keeps on evolving. Every year, the teaching practice is revised; old techniques are changed with new approaches suiting the new generation. Unknowingly, teachers are pressured to cope with all these changes yet with their dedication, they find means to give quality education to us students. With this article, teachers are given a new way to teach young minds. I strongly believe that a child’s first steps to learn language and literacy are the most crucial ones. His first learning and experiences in school will serve as his foundation throughout his life. I could see the importance of teachers in this stage. Thus, teachers should be competent enough to develop the child. The new approach discussed in the article promotes interactive teaching and interactive learning and as a student, I agree with this approach. By using this approach, students are encouraged to talk and participate and as a result given more chance to express their thoughts and ideas in class well making it easy for learning. As I see it for the teachers’ side, it would be more convenient for them to listen to their students’ responses and so they could understand their knowledge and thinking, as well as correct some misunderstandings and misconceptions. On the other hand, it was stated in the article that other teachers might be hesitant to apply this new approach with their fear of losing classroom control, and I understand that since some students, when given freedom to speak, misuse it. Nevertheless, as a learner, I am very open to this approach and I appreciate this article for helping teachers in acquiring new techniques for their profession and also for helping students learn language better which is their foremost step to literacy and quality education.

Tesla Electric Car

| Will the electric car stick? | Tesla Motors|| 8/9/2012| [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. ]| Is the electric car sticky? In the New York Times bestseller â€Å"Made to Stick† Chip and Dan Heath explain why some ideas survive and others die.In today’s constantly changing marketplace along with rapidly evolving technological innovations, how do we create ideas and products that will stand the test of time and possibly benefit humanity and our future as a whole? According to the Heath brothers there are six principles we can use as guidelines for making our ideas stick. These six principles: simple, unexpected, concrete, credible, emotional, and stories, when used together, spell success (minus the last s in success). Now back to my first question is the electric car going to s tick?According to Tesla Motors Inc. Chief Executive Elon Musk the answer is not only yes but Musk was quoted earlier this year saying â€Å"In 20 years more than half of new cars manufactured will be fully electric. I feel actually quite safe in that bet. That’s a bet I will put money on. † So who is this Elon Musk, what is Tesla Motors, and why is he so confident his idea will stick? To answer this question, I’ll use the six principles the Heath brothers laid out for us in â€Å"Made to Stick† and let you be the judge.First, let me tell you a little about the history of Tesla Motors. In 1988, after graduating from high school in Pretoria, South Africa, 17 year old Elon Musk left his home land to come to America telling his family and friends â€Å"It is where great things are possible†. Musk was inspired by great innovators like Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla and after a few years at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada he continued on to the University of Pennsylvania with a full scholarship. After receiving a degree in conomics and a second degree in physics Musk decided there were three areas he wanted to be involved in that he believed would† affect the future of humanity† they were the internet, clean energy and space. He spent two days at Stanford’s graduate program in 1995 and dropped out only to go on and help create the global internet payment system known as PayPal. By 2003 Musk and just a handful of others founded Tesla Motors in the Silicon Valley area of Northern California which is home to some of the world’s largest technology corporations.Musk’s vision of eventually being an independent automaker that could mass produce fully electric cars at an affordable price was becoming reality. Today Tesla Motors, Inc. has 31 stores and service locations worldwide, employs over 2,000 people and is on the road in 37 different countries. Not only does Tesla Motors design, develop, manufacture and sell its electric vehicles, it also manufactures electric vehicle powertrain components which it sells to other companies.To show the world that an electric car could not only be efficient but extremely powerful, the companies first vehicle was the Tesla Roadster, a high end sports car that can accelerate from zero to sixty in under four seconds and has a top speed of 125 mph. Once the lithium-ion battery is charged, the car has a range of roughly 245 miles per charge. With the price of the Roadster being out of reach for most people, Tesla knew the next step would be to produce a sedan style vehicle that would be more affordable but still maintain the high level of quality.In 2012 Tesla introduced the much more affordable and practical Tesla Model S sedan. There is also the new Model X suv that will be available sometime in 2014. To give you an idea of Tesla Motors growth rate, the annual revenue for 2010 was $117 million, the annual revenue for 2012 so far is $543 million. So now let’s look at how the six principles of SUCCES in â€Å"Made to Stick† has helped Tesla Motors succeed and continue to grow. The first principle is SIMPLE. The concept behind simplicity in â€Å"Made to Stick† is the importance of getting to the core of your idea and staying true to that core.You must know the core of your idea and convey it as simply as possible. The book uses Southwest Airlines as an example of core simplicity. Southwest Airlines has a Commander’s Intent which is â€Å"We are THE low-fare airline. † This simple statement has guided the success of the airline for over thirty years. Tesla has used simplicity to convey their core mission since their beginning. Tesla Motors core, as they have stated over and over again is â€Å"the belief that an electric car need not be a driving sacrifice. † This is the definition of simple and they have stuck to it.Tesla knows that people have a negative image of electric c ars and it’s their sole purpose to make that image positive. The second principle of a â€Å"sticky† idea is the UNEXPECTED. The main objective of the unexpected is to first get the audience’s attention and to then hold their attention. The book uses the words surprise, what gets our attention, and interest, what keeps our attention. Tesla did the unexpected when they introduced the very first electric sports car to the world. You mean to tell me that you built a car that can go 0 to 60 mph in under 4 seconds with little to no sound and no gasoline?This I got to see! Let’s just say, right off the bat, they got the world’s attention and are still holding it to this day. Tesla made a conscious decision to make their first car a sports car even though they knew they were targeting a smaller elite market. They came out of the gate guns blazing and made the cover of Time magazine for best inventions of 2006. When we hear the word CONCRETE we immediately think of buildings, roads and foundations for homes, things that exist all around us that we can touch and see. In â€Å"Made to Stick† the Heath brothers mention that â€Å"Language is often abstract, but life is not abstract. When we can visualize things in the real world we can put them in context and remember them better. The book uses the example that concrete nouns, like bicycle are easier to remember than abstract ones like justice. If you want your idea to stick with someone, speak in terms of things that people can relate to in their daily life. One way that Tesla uses concrete language to compare their car with other traditional cars is in a statement on their website â€Å"The powertrain, tucked between the rear wheels, uses energy three times more efficiently than a gas-burning engine. You may not know what a powertrain is but we can all visualize using energy three times more efficiently than gas-burning. The fourth principle in making an idea stick is CREDIBI LITY. Credibility is the level that you believe something to be true. If you believe a source of information is highly credible then you will more than likely accept it as the truth. The Heath brothers hit on a few ways we can make our ideas more credible and a couple of them stood out to me while doing my research of Tesla Motors. Authorities and experts can be a reliable source of credibility.The book uses Stephen Hawking as an authority on physics but I prefer to use Carl Sagan as an authority on astronomy, just a personal favorite of mine. Along with the external credibility of authorities, there is internal credibility like the uses of testable credentials i. e. try it before you buy it. Of course all car companies will let you drive it before you buy it and Tesla is no exception. What stood out to me among all the glowing reviews was an article in the Wall Street Journal by Dan Neil, a winner of the Ken Purdy Award for automotive journalism.When Dan was given one of the new Te sla Model S sedans to review he was â€Å"ready to be disappointed†. That was not the case as he went on to compare the 4-door electric sedan with that of a Lamborghini and a Ford GT supercar and the design quality to that of a Jaguar. Sometimes credibility comes from a completely new source as with the example used in â€Å"Made to Stick† of the 1984 Wendy’s commercial â€Å"Where’s the beef? † Wendy’s was using testable credentials buy leaving it up to the consumers to go see for themselves. Where’s the beef?I still remember that commercial from when I was a kid. When we feel strongly about something we not only remember it but we want to do something about it. The fifth principle of â€Å"sticky† ideas is EMOTIONAL. Emotional messages can evoke powerful feelings both good and bad in people. We naturally care more about the things that affect our own personal lives than those things that don’t directly affect us, so ho w do we get other people to care about our own ideas? The Heath brothers suggest three ways that we can make people care.By using the power of association, we can relate to peoples individual lives and show them that we care about the same things they care about. Another way to make people care is to appeal to their self-interest. People have ideas about who they are and who they would like to be and if we can tap into that emotion our message is more likely to stick with them. Appealing to people’s identity is emotionally powerful and Tesla Motors knows just how to do that. Cars have always been more than just a means of transportation, they tell people who you are and what you care about.Tesla has already created strong brand loyalty for being the thinking man’s car of the future. Tesla knows that a growing number of people feel very strong emotions about sustainable energy. To quote Elon Musk â€Å"The overarching purpose of Tesla, and my reason for personally fund ing the company, is to expedite the move from a mine-and-burn hydrocarbon economy towards a sustainable, solar electric economy. † The sixth and final principle of sticky ideas is STORIES. Throughout human history we have used stories to convey important messages.Stories not only grab our attention and entertain us but inspire us to act. One of the examples of the use of stories in â€Å"Made to Stick† is the Subway tale of Jared. In the 90’s Subway used a true and unique story about a young man, who was dangerously over weight, lost over 100 pounds in just three months by eating at Subway. This story had a huge impact on many people and put Subway back on the map. Many people could relate to Jared’s story and were inspired to eat healthier. I believe the story of Elon Musk is inspiring and that through human innovation anything is possible.In 2009 things were not looking good for American car companies, many of which were completely shut down to cut costs . During that same year Bob Lutz of GM said Tesla would never compete effectively as a car company because nobody really wanted and electric car especially at that price. That year Tesla sold 100% of its production and opened a second dealership. In closing, there are many stories like Tesla that inspire us to think outside the box. Human innovation is the foundation of society, without it we would grow stagnant and die out.It’s true that some ideas survive and others die that’s just the nature of things but there are things we can do to make our ideas stick. The principles that Chip and Dan Heath laid out in â€Å"Made to Stick† aren’t set in stone but can be used as a foundation for success (pun intended). Tesla has done a good job of pushing the boundaries of technology and is getting closer every day to making that technology affordable to everyone. With all the haters out there it’s hard to say if Tesla’s electric car will stick, but as long as we all keep aspiring for greater things the world will be a better place.

All Money, All the Time essays

All Money, All the Time essays In Richard Brookhisers article All Junk, All the Time, Brookhiser explores elements of rock music which will never change because as he states it is so easy to do well enough (Brookhiser 607). He claims that popular culture rock music, or pop, is inferior to the musical stylings of classical, jazz, and show tunes. Contrary to these superior forms of music, rock music requires no talent, it uses repetitive lyrics to play to listeners with inferior intellect, and above all there is easy money to be made. Brookhisers viewpoint may appear haughty or altruistic, but in reality his statement is fact. This type of satirical commentary has existed for generations and will for many more. His claim that drumming is easy and can be faked mirrors Voltairian commentary of long past. He argues that the guitar is not a refined instrument and in support offers that this instrument does not require years of training and is not used as curriculum in university musical studies. Unrefined instruments beget unrefined music, which begets unrefined dancing. This idea elicits sighs of relief from men around the world. After all, who has time to take dance lessons? Rock lovers can do well enough by gyrating in place, bumping and grinding. Come dance, its easy! Perhaps Transcontinental Records CEO, Lou Pearlman, accentuates the most egregious offense of the pop music industry. According to Jim Slotek of the Toronto Sun Pearlman is, in short, the guy who created The Backstreet Boys and Nsync in a blimp hanger in Orlando, Fla., and watched his bright ideas generate more than $2 billion in sales (Slotek 1). Since his creation of the two most profitable cookie cutter boybands Pearlmans boyband factory has, in concert with ABC, begun work on the next big thing to hit screaming teenyboppers everywhere, O-Town. This m ...